MOVEMENT COMPONENTS

Union League of Red Cross and Red Crescent

At the end of the first world war most of the regions in Europe is very chaotic, ruined economy, the population is reduced drastically due to the epidemic. A large number of refugees who are poor and those who do not have to meet the continent's nationality. War is very clearly shown the need for strong cooperation between Red Cross association for his activities in wartime can attract thousands of volunteers. Henry P. Davison, President of the American Red Cross War Committee, proposed an international conference on medical (April 1919, Cannes, France) for "to the federation of red cross society from various countries into an organization equivalent to the league of nations, in terms of world war improve health, prevent disease and relieve suffering. "

Union League of Red Cross and Red Crescent then formally established with its headquarters in Paris by the French Red Cross Society, the UK, Italy, Japan, the United States on May 5, 1919 with the main objective to improve health in countries that have suffered greatly after the war.


League was also aimed to 'strengthen and unify the existing health activities in the Red Cross Society and to promote the formation of new associations.' An important part of the work the Federation is to provide and coordinate assistance for victims of natural disasters and epidemics. Since 1939 has been his permanent headquarters in Geneva. In 1991, the decision was taken to change the name League of Red Cross Society became the International Federation of Association of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, or IFRC (International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies).

Furthermore, both the IFRC, ICRC and National Societies, is a component part of the Red Cross Movement and the Red Crescent or commonly called the "Movement" course. Movement components in performing its duties according to Basic Principles and their respective mandates as specified in the Statute of the Movement.

International Committee of the Red Cross / International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

As a private and independent institution, the ICRC acted as a neutral mediator between the two countries at war or enmity in international armed conflicts, non-international armed conflict and in cases of international violence. It also seeks to ensure that victims of violence on top, both civilians and military, receive protection and help.

In cases of international armed conflict and non-International, ICRC humanitarian action is based on the Convention and its protocols. This is the reason why we say that a special mandate has been entrusted to the ICRC by the community of participating countries to the Convention. In cases of internal violence, the ICRC to act based on humanitarian initiatives such as the rights listed in the Statute of the Movement. 

The ICRC is the guardian Basic Principles on the Movement and decision makers on the recognition of associations-National Society, where they became an official part of Movement. IHL The ICRC works to develop, describe, disseminate and promote the Geneva Conventions. The ICRC also carries out obligations imposed on him under these Conventions and to ensure that the conventions were held and expanding if necessary.

Society The National Society

National Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian organization which exists in every member state signatories to the Geneva Conventions. No country can have more than one National Society. Before a new association to be approved by the ICRC and the Federation, several strict requirements must be met. According to the Statute of the Movement, the National Association of the newly established, must be approved by the ICRC. To be able to obtain approval from the ICRC, a National Society must meet 10 conditions, namely: 

• Established the State sector in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 Participants

• The only Association of PM / National BSM in the State of

• Recognized by the Government of the State

• Use the name and emblem of the Red Cross or Red Crescent

• It's self-

• Expanding the activities across the region

• Organized in performing his duties and carried out throughout the country

• Receive member regardless of their background

• Approving the Statute of the Movement

• Respecting Basic Principles on the Movement and their duties in line with the principles of IHL

International Federation of Red Cross Society and Red Crescent / International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

All of the National Society is a member of the IFRC. The agency is supporting humanitarian activities undertaken by the National Society on behalf of vulnerable groups and act as a spokesperson and as their international representative. Federation supports the National Society and the ICRC in its efforts to develop and disseminate knowledge of IHL and promoting the Basic Principles of the Movement.

Statute of the Movement

Statute of the Movement is one of the bases that determine the structure and obligations of the ICRC, Federation and National Societies. Statute of the Movement organized in 1928. Subsequently revised in 1952, revised again in 1986, precisely at the International Conference held in Geneva 25.

ICRC Statute

The ICRC established its statute in 1915. Since then they've revised it several times. Specifically, they reflect and develop the mind of the main points of article 5 Statute of the Movement. To be more precise, in addition to what has been mentioned above, the statute says that the ICRC should:

1. Protect and promote respect for the Basic Principles of the Movement, as well as the dissemination of knowledge of international humanitarian law (IHL) that can be used in armed conflict;
2. Recognize all National Societies formed under the conditions stated in the Statute of the Movement;
3. Carry out tasks assigned by the Geneva Convention and to ensure that IHL held views faithful;
4. Providing protection and assistance, in his capacity as a neutral mediator to the military and civilian victims of armed conflict and to manage, run the Central Agency Search;
5. Carrying out the mandate entrusted to him by the International Conference.

Statute of the Federation
Statute of the Federation decided the responsibility of the Federation as follows:
1. Acting as a liaison and coordinating body of permanent-National Society of Association;
2. Provide assistance to the National Society may require and request;
3. Promote the establishment and development of National Societies;
4. To coordinate relief operations conducted by the National Society in order to help natural disaster victims and refugees in places where no armed conflict.

Statute of the National Society
Each National Society has its own statutes. While it may differ from one another, it must reflect the spirit of the statutes of the movement and pay attention to the general provisions in the Statute of the Movement. It should be noted that a set of "model statute" is available for use by the National Society. The purpose for making the 1952 model is not to be used as the sole rule for all but the National Society for realizing the principles of the convention and the Movement, which is a universal application. The model statute has been changed to many times and deserves to become the new guidelines for National Societies in the draft statute to make his own.