Definition
The word "principle" is derived from the Latin "principium" which means the main cause, origin or basis. The principle can also mean 'a ground rules which express the basic values of a community group that does not change under any circumstances.' For example, awards to individuals is an underlying principle of independence.
Base
Number of National Societies of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are working in different contexts, with tens of millions of members, the Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has a wide range of colors. More than that, her job basically consists of everyday activities are often practical and improvised. In order to overcome these differences, minimizing the discrepancies and to foster a consistent and effective action, the Movement needs a universal standard as a reference, a set of general policy and approach, in other words, Basic Principles.
Restriction
Movement Works relatively simple at first, because his job is limited to providing assistance to the wounded and sick soldiers in wartime. But with the passage of time, the task becomes more widespread and diverse. To still be able to control the growing activities, and avoid the split, the Movement to formulate their own principles to be known by everyone and to better define the types of their humanitarian activities.
The origin
Before the motion to adopt the seven basic principles that exist today, has many categories the proposed principle. Proposed Principles for the Movement, originally contained in the Declaration of Oxford (1946), but the text is still rough and loose. In 1949, the Basic Principles also mentioned in the convention I (article 44) and Convention IV (Article 63). Subsequently developed in 1955 where Jean Pictet began writing his research in a systematic and divide into two categories: Principles Basic Principles (fundamental) and Principles of Organic (Organic). In the context of the Red Cross, a principle according to Jean Pictet is the rules of compulsory measures, based on the consideration and experience, which regulates the activities of all components of the Movement at all times. Since the year 1965, Pictet Books became the official rationale is written and published in Vienna, the International Conference of Red Cross and Red Crescent to-20. however, the new idea in 1979, Pictet write a description about the basic principles of writing. Officially, the International Conference of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to adopt the Seven Principles 25 and put it into the opening of the new statute. The seven basic principles that include: Humanity, Equality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary, Unity and totality.
Meaning and Categories
The seven principles is a unity that can not be separated. These principles can be seen as a pyramid that would be damaged if one part falls or is taken. Although each section tied to each other and depend on, each has its own role. These principles can be divided into three categories:
1. Substantive principle / principal, including Humanity and Equality
These principles apply as an inspiring organization, the objectives of the Movement, to determine actions in wartime, when a natural disaster or other activities undertaken to serve mankind.
2. Principle of Derivative / derivative, including Impartiality and Independence
The principle that allows to apply the principles of the substance / the main, to secure the trust of all people and enable the Movement to achieve its objectives without any problems.
3. Principles and organic, including Voluntary, unity and totality.
These principles as a standard for the application, related to the structure and operation of the organization, is the 'foundation stone' of the Movement. Without this movement can not act or will fade away.
Relationship between the principles
These principles are interconnected. The relationship between the principle is very logical, so that at some level every principle derived from other principles.
Non-discrimination principle (equality) associated with the core principle of Humanity. "Race and religion are not important to me. Just the fact that you are suffering, "said Louis Pasteur. This statement explaining that the concept of non-discrimination is widely associated with the concept of Humanity. One supports the other. The principle of proportional (in similarity) derived from the principles of humanity and non-discrimination (Equal). Can be added in a statement Pasteur "... and I will take care of you based on the severity of your pain. "greatest assistance should be given to those who have the greatest needs. Special attention to "balance / proportionality" is a logical consequence of the two principles above.
Impartiality and independence are not only intertwined with one another, but also deals with non-discrimination (equality). Of course one can not declare themselves neutral while he was under the authority of others. Similarly, one can not declare itself independent if he is impartial. Smallest faux pas in this case will cause one of the principle is sound empty and meaningless. Because of these two principles really are interdependent on each other, and inseparable with the principle of non-discrimination, which appears as an obligation to act without favorites.
Volunteerism (including but not profit) associated with Humanity. To suggest that someone "has a sense of charity toward others" or "to suffer with them" (the two definitions can be given on the principle of Humanity) is not in accordance with the attitude and selfish calculation. Nature is not self-interest is thus one aspect of this principle. Unitary hooked up with non-discrimination (equality): the unity of meaning that may only have one national association in each country. As is evident, there is a risk that the National Society may be affected or fall into a certain view of the trend. Thus, non-discrimination is essential for unity. Universals are part of the continued humanitarian and non-discrimination. Humanitarian principles not only apply to the suffering of those close to us (discrimination). If so then "has a sense of charity toward others" was not pure anymore because it only comes on certain people only. So logically, Humanitarian and non-discrimination are universal.
Implementation of Basic Principles of the Red Cross Movement Activities
a) Humanity
"Movement of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was established based on the desire to give help without distinguishing wounded in combat, prevent and overcome the suffering of fellow human beings. Red Cross foster mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for humanity. "
Represent the origins of the Movement, the humanitarian principles that should not be any services that benefit someone suffering from wherever they are, be absent. The aim is to protect life and health and ensure respect for human beings. In peacetime, the protection means to prevent diseases, disasters or accidents or reduce the effect of saving lives (eg First Aid training). In wartime, the meaning is providing assistance to those who are covered by HPI (so victims do not die of starvation, not arbitrary-spitefully treated, or not disappeared). Humanitarian enhance mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace for humanity.
b) Equality
"This movement makes no distinction on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, religion or political views. Merely aim to reduce human suffering in accordance with their needs and the prioritization of the most severe circumstances "
Non-discrimination against nationality, ethnicity, religion, class or political opinions is a mandatory rule which requires that all distinctions between the person excluded, that the friends and opponents are equally assisted, and provided based on assessment of needs. Priority assistance should be based on the level of emergency and proportionate to the suffering that would like to overcome.
c) Impartiality
"In order to continually earn the trust of all parties, the Movement may not take sides or get involved in political conflicts, ethnic, religious or ideological cause."
Neutrality means refraining from taking sides in political issues, religion, race or ideology. If the Red Cross or Red Crescent impartial, they will lose the trust of one group of society and it is difficult to resume their activities. Each member of the Movement claimed to be holding back, being neutral and not express their opinions during on duty.
d) Independence
"This movement is independent. National Society in addition to helping its Government in the humanitarian field, also must comply with state regulations, must always maintain their autonomy so that they can act in line with the principles of this movement. "
In general, independence means that the institution of the Red Cross and Red Crescent reject any kind of interference which are political, ideological or economic that could divert them from the path of activities that have been determined by the demands of humanity. For example, should not accept donations from anyone who requires that destining intended for specific groups of people based on political reasons, ethnicity or religion to the exclusion of other groups whose needs may be more urgent. None of the Red Cross was an institution that may appear as a tool of government policy. Although the National Association recognized by the government as a government tool, and should be subject to state law, they must always maintain their autonomy in order to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement all the time.
e) Voluntary
"This movement is a voluntary relief movement, which is not based on a desire to seek any advantage."
Volunteerism is a proposal that is very unselfish of a person who performs a specific task to someone else in the spirit of human brotherhood. Is done without payment or for any recognition or compensation, the main factor is that its implementation is not with the intent to obtain financial gain but with the personal commitment and loyalty to the humanitarian objectives.
f) Unitary
"In a country there is only one meeting of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is open to everyone and carry out humanitarian tasks in the entire region."
The principle of unity is specifically related to the institutional structure of the National Society. In any country, government regulations that recognize a National Society is usually stated that the Association is the only National Association that can perform all their activities in the national territory. The fact that an association is the only one in the country is also one condition that can be recognized by the ICRC.
g) universals
"Movement of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is the nature of the universe. Each National Society has the right and equal responsibility in helping fellow human beings. "
Universal suffering that the universe also requires a response. Universal principle of collective responsibility on the part of the Movement. Equality of status and rights of the National Society is reflected in the fact that in the conference and the Movement government agencies, each National Society has one vote, which prohibits granting it special voting rights and a permanent seat to a particular National Society.
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